Apparatus for effecting calculations.



G. A. BISHOP.

APPARATUS FOR. EPFEGTING CALCULATIONS.

APPLIOATIMI IiLEDAUG. 27, 1909.

1 ,O65,500, Patented June 24, 1913.

3 BHBBTS-SHEET l.

WITNESSES INVENTOR G. A. BISHOP.

APPARATUS FOR EFFEOTING GALGULATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 27, 1909.

1,065,500. Patented June 24,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

ATTORNEYS.

0. A. BISHOP. APPARATUS FOR EFFEGTING CALCULATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 27, 1909.

1,065,500. Patented June 24, 1913.

3 SHEETBBHEET 3. 45 a: ,0 2'3 /g ATTURNE Y8 UNITE s'rarssrATEN'roFFIcE.

CLARENCE A. BISHOP, OF NEW YORK, N. Y...

APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING CALCULATIONS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 2st, 1913,

Application filed August 27, 1909. Serial No. 514,866.

ing machine, and while it is. particularly adapted for obtainingpermanent and accurate records of factory costs and wages,-1t 1sadapted, also, for various uses in oiiices, factones, and other businessestablishments,

since it enables elapsed, time a'nd wages to be calculatedautomatically, 71.12., without necessitating any calculationsindependently -of the data given directly by the machine.

In many factories, and other places of business, each job passes-througha number of operations, and these operations may be, and generally are,performed by different workmen. with or without the aid-of .machinery.It is manifest that it is particularly desirable to ascertain the laborcost on each job or operation Inmost factories this is quite laboriousand expensive, for the reasons, mainly, that the workmen are paiddifferent rates of wages per hour, and the time consumed in thedifferent operations by the various workmen varies within wide limits.

Various mechanical appliances and business systems have been devised andare in use for 'securmg records from which the labor cost. may betabulated and computed, but there are many objections to the appliancesnow in use, among which are particularly the-cost of the machines used,and the expense attending the calculation of the time and wages from thedata on the cards.

The present invention secures, at a low initial cost in the appliancesinvolved, an accurate and reliable record of the labor cost on each job,or part thereof, such records being made by the workmen and without lossoftime. These records disclose, upon mere inspection, the time anemployee has worked, and his wages at a predetermined rate, there-bypractically eliminating the expense and labor now inci' dent todetermining the elapsed time and wages.

In the operation of my machine, use is made of a record card on the faceof which are provided two parallel columns of figures, one forindicating elapsed time in hours and fractions thereof, and: the otherthe wages to be paid' to the employee, at a given rate, for such elapsedtime, On the reverse side of the card, termed the back, and directlyunder the column indicating the time, is a 'colun'm of figuresdenotingthe hours of the day and fractions thereof, the

.figures on thisscale running in an opposite direction to the figures ofthe time scale on the face of the card.

Each employee is supplied with. record cards, the wage column on theface of which indicates the particular rate of Wages he is to receive.These cards may be given to him by the foreman or time-keeperat thecom-- mencement of a job or operation, and by means of the novel timecontrolled mechanism forming part of this invention, the

card is at proper times suitably punched, preferably with two holes,notches or recesses, or by cutting away part of the card. The firstpunch or. mark indicates the time when the work was begun andestablishes a guide for properly positioning the card for the secondpunching or marking, whereby the elapsed time and the employeescompensation therefor may be determined by a direct reading from thecard. The elapsed time is always read from .thezero end of the timescale, thereby giving .a direct reading, and precluding the necessity ofsubtraction or other calculation, incident in prior machines, to obtainthis result. j

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated different practicalembodiments of the machine or apparatus, and which may be employed inpractising my novel method, but the constructions shown are to beunderstood as illustrative, only, and not as defining the limits of theinvention.

Figure l-is a planview of the apparatus employed in my invention. Fig. 2is 21 iongitudinal section thereof on the line 2-4; of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa cross section, partly in elevation, the plane ofthe sectionbeing'indicated by the dotted line 3-3 ofFig, :2; Fig. 4 is a detailplan showing the sliding rack and the spring drum therefor. Fige; 5

is a plan view of the face of the record card on which are producedindelible time marks at the beginnlng and the completionof the work byan employee work ng at a prede.-

ill?

termined rate of wages per hour. Fig: 6 is a plan View of theback of thecard shown in and containing a time scale, and Fig. 7 shows a particularform of premium card which may be used in the apparatus for calculatingcertain specific data.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, A isa suitable casing in whichis the time train,

f B, provided with dial, 6, which is exposed to view on, one side ofsaid casing, A. The arbors forthe hour and minute hands, I), b, ofthetime-train extend through dial, 6,

but the particular arrangement of the time mechanism, and theconstruction thereof, is optional. Within the casing, preferably on theunderside of the top thereof, is a fixed guide way, C, which extendslengthwise of said casing; As shown, said guideway comprises parallelrods, 0, and end members, a,-

the latterbeing fixed to the casing, and'the rods being secured to saidend members. D is a rack supported by the. guide way for longitudinalmovement thereon, cooperating with and moved the time train. This rackis shownassecured to cross-heads, d,

. d,'which are fitted to rods, 0, of the guide way for slidable movementthereon, where,-

by the rack is supported and moved for,-' ward in a rectilinear path bythe time train. 7 The "rack'is subsequently retractedby thej action ofasuitable device, such as spring, E, the same being coiled within varotatable drum, 6, mounted on a shaft, e, the latter being supported ina bracketplate, 7, at

tached tocasing, A. A cord, cable or other flexible connection, F, is"coiled Y on said spring-controlled drum, and. said cord or cable isattached to an end portion of rack, D, 'or to one of .its cross heads,as d. The

rack is provided with gear teeth, g, certain.

of which teeth are separated by agap or interval at 9, thereby providingfor the noon hour, and with certain teeth of said rack meshes the teeth,h, of a rack driving'gear, H, the latter being attached-to one of theshafts of'time train, B, for rotation. with said shaft at the requiredspeed. Said gear,

H, is a mutilated. gea'r it being provided with gaps or spaces, It,'71,, between certain teeth thereof, and while the gear is drivennormally by the time train for the purpose of imparting travelingmovement to rack,

D, yet at certain times the -'rack-is at rest, as during the noon hour,for the reason that the blank spaces, h, are so; positioned withreference to the gap, 9', that the teeth, lb, of the time-driven gearare out of mesh with the teeth of the rack. 'In the top of casing, A, isa longitudinalslot, 71, extending through which is a bent arm, i,movable with rack,

I D, said arm being fastened, preferably, to

one of the cross heads, as 01. Arm, z", carries a card guide orindicator, 1, above, or

outside'the top of, easing, A, whichguidemoves with rack, D, and a thesame peed- Arm, i, also carries a second indicator or guide, I,positioned with reference to guide,

I, at a distance therefrom substantially the same as the length of thecard employed in the machine. This necessitates the insertion of thecard between the guides, and in correct position, lengthwise of thecard, for

'thefirst punching operation, thereby prebeing. provided on the lowerend of a headedslidably" mounted in a member, j attached to the topeluding an employee punching said card.

J designates a device adapted to indelibly mark the record card.VVhile'various forms from improperly :of indelible marking devices maybe used, it

is preferred to employ a punch, j, the same plunger, 1'. Said plunger isof casing A, and it is held normally. in a raised position by'a spring,k. The punch is movable relative to a slotted bed plate, 7:), and isadapted to operate upon a record card when the latter is first placedupon the bed-plate, is, one end ofsaid card engaging the traveling guideor indicator, I, and the other end being practically in engage.-

Ih'ent with the second guide,I". v t 4 3 "The punch is preferablybeveled on one "side seas to cut a recess of the form shown gi-n' Figsfit0 7'. This shape of recess enables -tli,'ei scale$ to'be read moreexpeditiously and accurately, and, moreover, is an indication.

that the record card has been 'reversed'between the first and secondpunching opera-' tions; otherwise, the beveled edges of the two recesseswould be parallel to each other instead of at an angle. The position,laterally, of the record card, relative to punching 'device, J, isdetermined by a card guide,

bers, Z, so that the record card can-be in- Y serted below the rail, L,and with its edge engaging rail, L. The elevated-rail, L, is

a suflicient distance from the rear rail to permit of free movementofguide or indiproper insertion of the card by an employee, since itnecessitates the correct positioningof the card within the machine.

According to my invention, each employee is supplied with a record cardfor each ob upon which he is to work. Essential features of this recordcard are two scales, preferably parallel, on the face of the card, onedesignating the time in hours and fractious cato'r, I, and said railprecludesan imthereof, termed a time scale, and the other designatingwages at a predetermined rate.

Thetime scale is calibrated to accord with the movement of theguide orindicator, I, to which movement is imparted, as stated, by a time train.One form of this record card is shown at M in Fig. 5, the back of thecard being shown in Fig. 6. The card is'provided on its face with twoparallel lines, m, m, a column of figures, n, and a second column offigures, 0, said columns of figures being positioned parallel to eachother and between the parallel lines. The'figures in the column n,represent the time in hours and fractions thereof, each hour beingdivided into twelve parts representing periods of 5 minutes, althoughthis special division of time is optional. The figures of column, 0, areset opposite those in the column, n, and said figures of column, 0,represent the wages at apredetermined rate. This rate being divided toshow the amount in dollars and cents for every five .minutes indicatedin the time column, n.

In the exemplified record car-d shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the time column,n, contains the figures representing a working day of ten (10) hours,whereas the figures in the wage column, 0, show that the workman isentitled tocompensation at the rate of $2.40 per day, or 24 cents perhour. The figures in the time and wage columns read progressively fromthe top to the bottom of the record card, and said figur'esof the wagecolumn, 0, are positioned opposite to, or in line with, the figures ofthe time column so as to'show the value of the wages for any per od oftime Within theiten working hours. WVhile the figures in the timecolumn, n, will remain constant for the cards which are supplied to allworkmen whose wages per diem. may vary, it is to be understood thatcards are to be provided wherein the figures 'in the wages columns willrepresent the exact wages which the different workmen are entitled toreceive, itbeing necessary on delivering a card, or series of cards, toa Workman to exercise care in selecting a card whose wage columncorresponds in rate to that paid the particular employee.

The back or reverse side of the record card, see Fig. 6, which hasheretofore been tioned directly. under the time scale on the face of thecard, but having its figures, n running in an opposite direction fromthe corresponding figures on the face of the card, as will be seen by acomparison of the twoscales, Figs'5 and 6.

It will be obvious that the record cards may be provided with spaces forindicating the date of issue, the job number, the name any other datawhich it may be deemed necessary or expedient to note thereon.

The mode of operation is as follows: It is to be understood that thetime train is in operation and that the guide or indicator, I, has beenset in motion at the hour fixed for beginning of the work day, 0. g. 7a. m., this setting operation at such predetermined time, after oncedetermined upon, being. accomplished automatically by the time train.When a job, or operation thereon, is assigned to a workman, the firstthing to be done by him is to indicate on his record card a guide to beutilized when the work is completed for determining the elapsed timespent on the job. He does this by inserting his card, face upward, underrail, L, and between guides, I and I, until the edge of the card engagesrail, L, the end of the card containing the zero of the scales, n and 0,respectively, being in contact with guide, I; he then operates thepunch, j, by depressing plunger, j, thereby cutting a recess or notch,such as 1', in space, 9; this notch, taken in conjunction with timescale, n,on the back'of the card, indicates the time when the employeebegan work. It will be understood that if the position of this card isimmediately re versed, in the machine, 2'. e., before perceptible timehas'elapsed, i. (5., turned face down ward, and with guide, I, enteringsaid notch or recess, that the end of the card provided with the zerosof the scales, n and 0, on the face of said card will come directlyunder or be in the same vertical plane as the left edge of punch, j. Itwill be apparent, there fore, that if any time elapses afterthe cardpunch at the expiration of the e apsed time,

it being merely necessary after the punching to withdrawthe card fromthemachine for the purpose of reading on said time scale the position ofthe last punched hole, 2'. e., the one nearest the zero end. of thescale.

The foregoing operation may be illustrated by an example, as follows: Wewill assume that When the ca'rd is first placed in the machine, faceupward, and punched, the recess will occupy the position indicated by1', Figs. 5 and 6, and, accordingly, as will be observed from theposition of this recess on the time scale, n, on the back of the card,he began work at ten thirty five oclock. Npukas previously stated, ifthis card is reversed end to end, with its face'downward, and withguide, I, in said. recess, and again punched after a certain time haselapsed, say at eleven twenty, said second punch'or recess, ,7), will beso positioned with refer ence to scale, n, as to indicate thereon,reading from zero, and without any calculation. that forty five minuteshave elapscd'between 01 number of the individual Workman, and i the twopunchings, It will be understood,

of course, that in ractically working the machine, the employee wouldnot immediately reverse his card as heretofore described, but havingfirst punched the same, he would then remove the card from the machineand proceed with his work. Having completed the work, he would thenreinsert the card in the machine, reversed as de scribed, z'. e., facedownward with the guide, 1, in the said recess, and then operate thepunch to produce the second recess therein. The elapsed time can then beread on scale, 12, in the same'ma-nner as described in the specificexample above given, and the compensation. or wages to which the em loyee is entitled; for such elapsed time, is-Elirectly indicated and may beread on the wage scale, 0. it will thus be observed that when theworkman hands in his punched card, that his wages and elapsed timeappear thereon without the necessity of any calculation whatsoever.

By beve'ling the punch as described, it

' will be apparent that the bevelsof the recess punched on the face ofthe card will be opposite to thatin the recess punched on the back ofthe card,'thereby afi'ording a means for determining whether or not thecard has been reversed end to'en'd in the machine after the'firstpunching, and that it occupied such reversed posit-ion at the time ofthe second punching. Y Referring to Fig.7, this illustrates a form ofcard which may be used in the'machine for the purpose of calculating thepremium due an employee for accomplishing a given amount of work in lessthan a specified period; 2'. e. for expediting the work, knowntechnically as a,*"premium plan or differential piece work. This card isthe same as 'that heretofore described with the excepti'on that the facethereof is provided with an additional time scale, 11,, and, also, withan additional rate scale, 0 The fi ures on these scales, however, run inthe verse direction fi om those onthe. other time and rate scales, andmay be'positioned at any desired place on the card, though preferably inparallel relation to'and adjoining said other scales. 7

An illustx'ation'ofithe manner of using this card for the purposespecified will be given. Let it be assumed that a workman,

has been as'sigr1eda=-job onwhich the 'employe'r has mt a time limit offour hours and fifteen minutes ;;5. 0., that the workman will be paidhis sual rate, say twenty four, cents per hour, if theworkis'accomplishe'd in the time specified, and will be paid at the samerate, also, if he takes additional time to complete the Work. However,if he accomplishes thework in less than 4 hours and 15 minutes, say in 3hours and minutes, he will be entitled to a premium forexpediting flitW'Otk to the extent, under the assumed conditions, of 25 minutes; thispremium being at the same rate as his usual wages and amounting,therefore, at the rate'of'24 cents perhour, to 10 cents. So far aspunching the first recess, 1?, and manipue lating the premium card inthe machine; are concerned, this is effected in exactly the same way asw th the card shown in Figs.

5 and tl; in other words, the function or operation of the machine isthe same on a prem um card, as it is on the plain Wage card heretoforedescribed. The position-of the second recess, however, indicates, inaddition to the elapsed time and wages previously described, the timesaved by the employee, and the wageprernium to which he is entitledtherefor. As shown in Fig. 7, the recess, r, indicates the elapsed'tirne of 3 hours and 50 minutes on the time scale, n,

and the regular wage therefor of 92 cents 5 on rate scale, 0.. It alsoindicates on the auxiliary time scale, n, a saving of 25 minutes, i. 6.,an expediting of the work to the extent of 25 minutes, and onthe'auxi'liary rate scale, 0 thepremium therefor of Z cents, makin atotal of 102 cents for the elaIp'sed time of 3 hours and 50 minutes.

t will be obvious that the mechanism and devices described may beemployed for determining various data, such as the cost 95 of operatinga telephone for a given period, or the cost of runnin a machine for agiven period, this latter data being of especial value in estimating thedepreciation in wear and tear of such machine. It may be used,

also, for measuring units of power, time, energy, etc. For Whateverpurpose used, however, the reading of the time scale, due

to the punching and reversing of the record card in the mannerheretofore described, 5

etc., are readable directly from the record 0 cards. 7

It will be manifest thatthe principle of my invention may be embodied ina machine where the record card employed," instead of being of therectangular shape described, as well as manipulated as described, may eof circular form, and caused to travel with the movable indicator in acircular path; '6. 'e., the card will travel in a circle, instead oftongitudinally, in which case the time and rate scales on the recordcard would be concentric.

Other 'changes in the construction and operation of the machine, withoutdepartin from the principle embodied therein, will 25 be obvious. I

Having thus fully described the inven ti'on, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a calculating apparatus. a. card punching device for producing anaperture n a card, a card guide device adapted to position a card in thepath of said punchingdevice, a member of said guide cooperating with theperforation produced in the card whereby said perforation and memberdetermine the position of the card for a subsequent punching operation,anda time. trainv for imparting movement, to one of- 10 i a cardacrossthe path aof said; punching device, said card guidehaving a member co-,operating witht e recess prdduced in the card whereby said recess andmember determine the position of the card for asubse- 'quent punchingoperation.

3. In a calculating machine, a card recessing device, a time train, "amovable guide operated by said time train and adapted to a Vance a cardacross the path of the recessing device, and a second guide-mbvable bysaid time train and positioned at a distance .from the firstguide-substantially equal to the length of the record cardoperated'upon. I

4, In a calculating machine, a recessing device, a uide againstwhich theend of a card is a apted to be placed, a time trainv for impartingmovement to said guide and for feedin the card across the path of the.

rooessing evice, and a fixed member for determinin the position of thecard trans verselyo said card.,

5. In a calculating apparatus, a card punching device, a card n'uidedevice ineluding a plurality of members, one of said membersconformingto the punch produced in the card by the operationof said card punchingdevice, and a time train whereby relative movement is secured betweenthe .cardpunching device and the card guide device.

6. In a calculating apparatus, the combination of 'a-bed plate u onwhich a card is adapted to be positione a marking device in cooperativerelation to said bed plate, a fixed bar ositioned on the bed plate inoperative re ation to said marking device, an-- with relation to themarking device and to said fixed bars, and a time train connected forimparting movement to the card guide device, said bars and the cardguide device A 'guideadapted to enter a in a record card, a time trainfor moving saidv guide,

'cooperati'ng'with each other in deterzn ini the position of a card wheninserted upon the bed plate. H f 7. In a calculating apparatus, a:movable and a' punch ada had .for ma a recess m a card and in w ichrecess sai guide-may enter. 8.7 In a record apparatus, a card punchingdevice, a card guide device, and 1 time mechanism for imparting movementto one of said devices relative to the other, said.

card guidedev ice having means corresponding to thepunch roduced in a weat the initial operation or determining the position of said card for asubsequent punching operation. r

9; In a calculating ap aratus,rthe c(un-;

evice and a card bination of a recessmg u'ide guide, said recessindevice and card eing of corresponding cross sect1onala whereby therecess produced in acard By the recessing device will fit the cardguide.

10. In a calculating apparatus, the combination of a punchingmechanismfor producing a recess in'a card, a card guide, and

time controlled mechanismit'or determining the position ofthe recessproduced inv the card, the card guide corresponding substantially to theform of the recess produced in I the'card by the operation of sa dmechanism. I

11. In a calculating apparatus," the combination of a card guide, areoessing device operable at different periods of time -uponthe samecard for producing therein a plurality of recesses, and timecontrolledimechanism for determining the ositionofaid recess producedinthe car one of whichv recesses in the card is adaptedto r. with a cardguide for obtaining a Got reading of the interval between said recesses.i

12. In a calculating apparatus,- t he 00111 bination of a card markingdev1ce,,a lurality of card guides, and time contro ed mechanism, saidcard marking device operable at different periods of time to produce onthe same card a plurality of marks or punches, one of which marks orpunches cooperates with one card guide to" give a direct reading.

In testimony whereof I have'signedmy name to this specification inthe'presnee of 115 MARGARET C. POWELL.

